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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Presentism (literary and historical analysis) ： ウィキペディア英語版 Presentism (literary and historical analysis) In literary and historical analysis, presentism is the anachronistic introduction of present-day ideas and perspectives into depictions or interpretations of the past. Some modern historians seek to avoid presentism in their work because they consider it a form of cultural bias, and believe it creates a distorted understanding of their subject matter.〔http://www.historians.org/perspectives/issues/2002/0205/0205pre1.cfm〕 The practice of presentism is regarded by some as a common fallacy in historical writing.〔''Historian's Fallacies'' by David H. Fischer, 1970, p. 137〕 The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' gives the first citation for ''presentism'' in its historiographic sense from 1916, and the word may have been used in this meaning as early as the 1870s. The historian David Hackett Fischer identifies presentism as a fallacy also known as the "fallacy of ''nunc pro tunc''". He has written that the "classic example" of presentism was the so-called "Whig history", in which certain eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British historians wrote history in a way that used the past to validate their own political beliefs. This interpretation was presentist because it did not depict the past in objective historical context but instead viewed history only through the lens of contemporary Whig beliefs. In this kind of approach, which emphasizes the relevance of history to the present, things that do not seem relevant receive little attention, which results in a misleading portrayal of the past. "Whig history" or "whiggishness" are often used as synonyms for ''presentism'' particularly when the historical depiction in question is teleological or triumphalist.〔''Historian's Fallacies'' by David H. Fischer, 1970, p. 139〕 ==Presentism and sociological analysis== Presentism has a shorter history in sociological analysis, where it has been used to describe technological determinists who interpret a change in behavior as starting with the introduction of a new technology. For example, scholars such as Frances Cairncross proclaimed that the Internet had led to "the death of distance," but most community ties and many business ties had been transcontinental and even intercontinental for many years.〔Barry Wellman, “Physical Place and Cyber Place: The Rise of Networked Individualism,” ''International Journal of Urban and Regional Research'' 25.2 (June, 2001): 227-52. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Presentism (literary and historical analysis)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.